The present paper reviews the developmental activities of North-Eastern region of India and analyses the threats being experienced on biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. The north eastern states are rich in biological diversity and associated traditional knowledge and almost every part of the life and livelihood of local people is intricately connected with natural environment. Most of their livelihood earnings come from natural areas. The developmental pressure has resulted in denudation and conversion of large forest areas thus affecting the survival of flora and fauna. Several species in the region are endemic and critically endangered. We suggest sustainable measures to ensure that development is achieved with an inbuilt mechanism of biodiversity conservation with community participation. The region has potential of becoming knowledge partner with the development authorities through the existing good academic and research institutions. These institutions are capable of analysing and solving various environmental and biodiversity related issues and by providing a proper institutional framework by integrating the universities and research institutions of the region in to a research consortium, the primary goal of undertaking research on ecological problems and biodiversity conservation can be achieved. The development and institution interface as a long term strategy is needed to ensure implementation of biodiversity conservation programmes.
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