Plant Science Research, Vol. 38, 2016

Molecular auditing of some selected Indian mangoes (Mangifera indica L.)

This study describes phenotypic variation in respect of leaf and pomological traits and portrays  genetic relationships among 12 selected mango genotypes of India using randomly amplified  polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker technique. The genotypes were phenotypically diverse in  respect of 20 different (11 qualitative and 9 quantitative) traits. Traits like sugar/acid ratio, ripe  fruit weight and total soluble solids demonstrated higher variations. Many of these traits had  two or more than two phenotypic classes with economic importance and thus could be used  in breeding to enhance fruit yield and quality. Twenty-three RAPD markers yielded a total of  307 amplified DNA fragments, of which 85.99% were polymorphic, indicating a high degree of  genetic diversity. Primers OPA 8, OPA 19, OPG 9 and RPI-10 exhibited 100% polymorphism.  Polymorphic information content (PIC) value for RAPD primers ranged from 0.38-0.82 with an  average of 0.60. The resolving power varied from 4.83 to 23.5 with an average of 14.35. The  average values for Na, Ne, I, He and uHe were calculated from the RAPD data as 1.82, 1.46,  0.41, 0.27 and 0.28 respectively. Twenty-one unique bands were generated which enabled  identification of 9 different genotypes. The pair-wise Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged  between 0.55 and 0.81 indicating that the genotypes represent genetically diverse populations.  The closest were two hybrids namely ‘PKM-1’ and ‘PKM-2’ and the most distant genotypes  were ‘Pusa Surya’, ‘Dashehari’, ‘Neeleshan Gujrat’ and ‘Sai Sugandh’. UPGMA dendrogram  grouped the genotypes into four clusters basing on genetic relatedness/distance which was  corroborated in 2D and 3D plots generated from principal component analysis. The study  provides information to facilitate marker assisted breeding aimed at genetic improvement of this  important fruit crop.