Rice seeds are recommended to be pre-treated with antibiotics before sowing to eradicate bacterial diseases. A phytotoxicity test was conducted to evaluate the effects of tetracycline (TC) and streptomycin (STR) individually or in combination as Streptocycline (STC) at three different doses (half the recommended dose; 0.5RD, recommended dose; RD and double the recommended dose; 2RD) on rice seed germination and related parameters. The percentage of germination, mean germination time (MGT), vigour index I, vigour index II and shoot length were significantly affected by types of antibiotics and their dosages. However, root length, fresh weight of roots and shoots of rice seedlings was not significantly affected by the antibiotics or their dosages. The germination parameters were significantly affected in combined application as compared to their single applications. In all cases higher doses (2RD) reduced the germination parameters in comparison to RD and 0.5RD treatments. Combined application of TC and STR at higher doses may inhibit the rice germination parameters and early vigour, thereby could pose serious issues in plant establishment in main rice field. The antibiotics did not caused any marked change in the OJIP fluorescence transients of the fully grown rice plants but there was a reduction of fluorescence at all levels. The primary photochemistry and the performance of plants for photosynthetic energy conversion decreased with the increase in the concentrations of antibiotics.
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