Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is known worldwide for its multipurpose use; in medicine, cosmetics, food flavour and textile industries. Several value-added products obtained from turmeric includes the turmeric powder, essential oil, oleoresin and curcuminoids. Curcuminoids are phenylpropanoid derivatives and belong to diarylheptanoid class of secondary metabolites. The curcuminoids of turmeric include curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin. Curcuminis most sought after worldwide due to its tremendous medicinal importance.The curcumin content varies among turmeric cultivars. Environmental factors and growing locations influence variation in transcript levels of key curcuminoid biosynthesis pathway genes in turmeric cultivars which ultimately lead to the alteration in curcuminoid content. In this context, proper identification of elite turmeric cultivars by use of molecular and biochemical markers is necessary. Similarly, high yielding turmeric cultivars which are being produced must be subjected to agroclimatic filed trials prior to their release, which will largely benefit the turmeric industry. Metabolic engineering of curcuminoid biosynthesis pathway in E. coli and S. cerevisiae further provide a promising approach to produce these compounds in greater scale. The artificial neural network model will also greatly help to increase the yield of curcumin.
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