Plant Science Research, Vol. 44, 2022

Wild edible mushrooms of Similipal and their contribution to health, nutrition and economic security of tribals

Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odishais one of the most diverse ecosystems of the country harbouring rich flora and fauna including mushrooms. The fertile forest floors provide congenial habitat of a wide variety wild mushrooms. A survey was carried out during rainy season (June to October) of 2022 to collect information regarding different wild edible mushrooms occurring in Similipal and their collection by tribals for own consumption, medicine and sale in the nearby markets. The paper reports the occurrence of 12 wild edible mushrooms such as Russula rosea, R. cyanoxantha, R. brevipes, R. nigricans, Astreatus hygrometicus, Bovista plumbea, Amanita vaginata, A. hemibapha, Termitomyce sheimii, T. eurrhizus, T. clypeatus and T. medius commonly found in Sal forests of Similipal. Some of the mushrooms (Russula rosea, R. cyanoxantha, R. brevipes, R. nigricans, Amanita vaginata, A. hemibapha) are locally called ‘Patra Chhatu, which are plentily available throughout the rainy season on forest floors rich in leaf litter. Another important group of mushrooms are Termitomyces species (T. heimii, T. eurrhizus, T. clypeatus, T. medius), which grow in termite nest and also in soft red soils in the Sal forests. These are tastier than that of ‘Patra Chhatu’ and are available in bulk quantities in the forest. These mushrooms are also sold at a higher price but grow for a short period of time after rain. The market value of species belonging to genus Russula was cheaper in rural areas (Rs.10–30/kg) as compared to urban markets (Rs.60– 90/kg) while that of Termitomyces species are sold at comparatively higher price in both rural (Rs.200-300/kg) and urban markets (Rs.350–400/kg). These mushrooms are regarded as highly nutritious containing large amounts of proteins, fibers, vitamins and minerals, which support the health of local tribals and boost their economy.