The present study elucidates the ethnobotanical uses of various parts of Dioscorea pentaphylla L. by the rural and tribal communities of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha and its adjoining areas. Further, it validates the tribal claims using phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity. Acetone, Methanol and aqueous extracts showed relevant zone of inhibition against two Gram positive bacteria Streptococcus mutans (MTCC*497) and Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC1926); three Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholera (MTCC3906), Shigella flexneri (MTCC1457) and Salmonella entericatyphi (MTCC1252).
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